Basics
Tooth resorption is the most common dental problem in cats. Either the tooth root (the part of the tooth under the gumline) or the crown (the part of the tooth visible above the gumline), or both, may be affected. This condition has been known by several names, including feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL), neck lesions, cervical line erosions, and feline caries. The tooth is eroded away beginning at the gumline and continuing into the tooth root or the crown, or both.
Symptoms
Affected cats often show no symptoms of the problem, even though many of the teeth are painful. Some signs that may be observed include drooling, bleeding gums, and reluctance to eat hard food. Cats may show changes in behavior such as sleeping more or becoming irritable due to dental pain. On examination, areas of cherry-red inflammation or overgrown gums may be visible. In advanced cases, teeth may be missing entirely due to erosion. Cats may also show pain by chattering their teeth when affected areas are touched.
Potential Causes
The cause of tooth resorption is unknown and under investigation. Cats over 5 years of age are more likely to be affected, and the likelihood of tooth resorption increases with age. Cats with dental tartar and periodontal disease may also be at higher risk. Molars and premolars are most frequently affected, though resorption may occur in any tooth.
Diagnosis
Your veterinarian may suspect tooth resorption based on a physical exam of your cat’s mouth. However, a thorough examination under anesthesia will be necessary to evaluate the full extent of the condition. Anesthesia is also required for dental X-rays, which are crucial for detecting resorption below the gumline and determining the extent of root damage.
Treatment
The only effective treatment for tooth resorption is extraction of the affected teeth. Teeth that show early signs of resorption on X-rays may be rechecked in six months, though extraction is often recommended. In cases of extensive resorption, fillings have been tried, but this approach does not halt progression, so extraction is generally preferred. After removal, cats typically show significant improvements in their overall activity and demeanor.
Monitoring
After surgery, you may be sent home with pain medication and antibiotics. Administer medications as prescribed.
Return for follow-up exams as scheduled to monitor gum healing.
Keep in mind that dental disease may be more extensive than it appears, especially below the gumline.
Consider consulting a veterinary dentist if your cat’s condition is persistent.
When to Call Your Veterinarian
If you are unable to administer medications as prescribed or if the condition worsens.
If your cat has not returned to normal behavior or appetite within 24 hours of surgery.
If signs of pain or other concerns arise post-surgery, such as swelling, bleeding, or persistent discomfort.
Signs to Watch Out For
You should see a significant improvement in your cat’s demeanor and activity levels after affected teeth are removed. Most cats feel better within a few days to a week after surgery.
Diet
You may need to soften hard kibble with water or switch to canned food during the recovery period. Cats with no teeth can still eat commercial diets, including dry kibble, without difficulty.
Complications / Prevention / Prognosis
Improper healing of extraction sites is rare. However, once a cat has experienced tooth resorption, it is likely that additional teeth may become affected in the future. Routine veterinary checkups and dental X-rays are recommended for early detection of any new lesions.
Recheck / Follow-up
Follow-up examinations should occur 2-3 weeks after surgery to ensure proper gum healing.
Routine rechecks and dental X-rays are essential to monitor for new resorptive lesions.
If any signs of deterioration or issues arise, an immediate veterinary consultation is necessary.
Images obtained from https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/dentistry/feline-tooth-resorption/
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