Grape & raisin toxicosis is a toxin exposure, not a diagnosis, that occurs after ingestion of grapes, raisins, currants, or sultanas.

In dogs, this exposure can cause vomiting followed by acute kidney injury due to damage to the kidney’s proximal tubules. The exact toxic mechanism is still being studied, but tartaric acid and related organic acids are strongly implicated in disrupting kidney cell energy metabolism.

The most dangerous feature of grape and raisin toxicosis is that there is no safe dose and no reliable way to predict which dogs will develop kidney failure. Some dogs remain unaffected, while others develop severe kidney injury after ingesting very small amounts.

This condition is well-documented in dogs and considered rare but possible in cats; because cats often hide illness, any exposure in cats should still be treated as urgent.

Local and global veterinary toxicology data consistently show that earlier assessment dramatically improves outcomes, while delayed care increases the risk of irreversible kidney damage.

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